• In the mammalian brain synapse

  2025-01-13

  

  In the mammalian brain, synapse formation is followed by a period of synapse refinement, and autophagy has been shown to play an important role in this process. For example, Tang and colleagues found that autophagy is required for the developmental pruning of dendritic spines, and that this pruning

• Several genes related to metabolism post

  2025-01-13

  

  Several genes related to metabolism, post-transcriptional regulation, chromatin structure, and signaling pathways are required for the sexual development and virulence of G. zeae (Baldwin et al., 2010, Bluhm et al., 2007, Ding et al., 2009, Han et al., 2007, Hou et al., 2002, Jenczmionka et al., 200

• Mechanistically it was soon realized that

  2025-01-10

  

  Mechanistically, it was soon realized that in undead cells, Dronc promotes the activation of Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling as the major inducer of AiP [25], [28] (Fig. 2B,C). However, it has been unknown for a long time how active Dronc promotes JNK signaling. Recently, it was reported that

• br Experimental procedures br Results br Discussion Our biop

  2025-01-10

  

  Experimental procedures Results Discussion Our biophysical and cellular analyses of mutant Aβ1–42 peptides support a role of the N-terminus of Aβ in peptide aggregation and toxicity. We demonstrate that double mutations constructed to humanize the rodent Aβ1–42 sequence result in a signifi

• Mouse IGF-1 cytokine The expanding catalog of glutamate rece

  2025-01-10

  

  The expanding catalog of glutamate receptor auxiliary subunits and associated transmembrane proteins underscores the importance and complexity of the receptor complexes. Whereas the interactions described here specifically control AMPARs, distinct auxiliary subunits, Neto-1/2, modulate neuronal kain

• Recently two distinct small molecule inhibitors of PHGDH wer

  2025-01-10

  

  Recently, two distinct small-molecule inhibitors of PHGDH were identified using high-throughput screens, both of which inhibit de novo serine biosynthesis and show selective toxicity to cancer Cucurbitacin I with high SSP flux [50,51]. The inhibitor NCT-503, which has an IC50 of 2.5μM, reduces the

• br We approached the definition of AD with

  2025-01-10

  

  We approached the definition of AD with the distinction between a syndrome and a disease in mind. Some will argue that a specific syndrome, that is, a multidomain amnestic dementia (after other potential etiologies have been excluded), should define AD in living people. Our position, however, is t

• Renal fibrosis is regarded as the final common pathway

  2025-01-10

  

  Renal fibrosis is regarded as the final common pathway for most forms of progressive renal disease, and mouse UUO is a widely accepted experimental model of renal injury leading to extreme fibrosis localized to the interstitial compartment. A-306989 attenuated the mRNA expression levels of several k

• br Results and discussion The morphology and structure

  2025-01-10

  

  Results and discussion The morphology and structure of QX 314 chloride samples were observed using an SEM, as shown in Fig. 1. The length and thickness of the actin filaments were regulated with ABPs to mimic the various actins observed in cells. We prepared three types of F-actin with or withou

• To date the molecular responses

  2025-01-10

  

  To date, the molecular responses of AChE have been partially analyzed in its mRNA level or protein activity in aquatic animals. To understand the correlation between transcriptional change and activity of AChE, we conducted both experiments in B. koreanus. Generally, the Cyprodime hydrochloride mg p

• biotin dna Although effects of low concentrations of agonist

  2025-01-10

  

  Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not as thoroughly documented for heteromeric receptors such as the major biotin dna α4β2 nAChR, a similar mechanism of action was described to explain the potentiation of these receptors with low concentrations of acetylcholine-esterase-inhibit

• br Research perspective In vitro

  2025-01-09

  

  Research perspective In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that increased LPA/ATX signaling contributes to cancer initiation and progression. Recent findings on the role of non-tumoral ATX in cancer progression and metastasis highlighted a new functional contribution for the microenviron

• Endoplasmic reticulum ER stress resulting from accumulation

  2025-01-09

  

  Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from accumulation of misfolded proteins in ER lumen stimulates a chain of adaptive responses termed as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Glucose related protein (GRP78/BiP), key ER chaperone essential for the activation of the ER-transmembrane signaling

• Various cardiovascular diseases show a high occurrence of au

  2025-01-09

  

  Various cardiovascular diseases show a high occurrence of autophagosomes. Whereas basal autophagy is required for the proper functioning of cardiomyocytes [82], the deletion of Atg5 gene in myocardium shows a high risk of cardiomyopathy [83]. Hamacher et al. observed that an upregulation of Bnip3, a

• br ASK in Huntington s disease and other polyglutamine

  2025-01-09

  

  ASK1 in Huntington's disease and other polyglutamine diseases The polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by the expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats in the coding regions of specific genes, leading to the production

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