• Interestingly transgenic mice that constitutively express ac

  2022-05-05

  

  Interestingly, transgenic mice that constitutively express active FXR in the intestine (iVP16FXR) are protected from chemically-induced and genetically-induced cholestasis. This protective effect is attributed to the induction of intestinal FGF15 and repression of hepatic Cyp7a1 expression, downregu

• br Although earlier studies had

  2022-05-05

  

  Although earlier studies had reported conflicting results regarding the role of Ca2+ in regulating SV endocytosis, more recent data suggest that Ca2+ influx facilitates SV endocytosis in hippocampal neurons, the calyx of Held, and in inner hair HOAt (Dittman and Ryan, 2009, Hosoi et al., 2009, Mo

• While histone modifications can alter inter nucleosomal

  2022-05-05

  

  While histone modifications can alter inter-nucleosomal interactions that govern the compaction state of a chromatin fiber (Francis et al., 2004, Kalashnikova et al., 2013, Lu et al., 2008), the potential impact of histone modifications on higher-order chromosome organization beyond chromatin-fiber 

• Brefeldin A receptor In diseased blood vessels increased pro

  2022-05-04

  

  In diseased blood vessels, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as peroxynitrite, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, have been found [[53], [54], [55]]. Peroxynitrite was suggested to alter the redox state of sGC [53] while hydrogen peroxide interfered with the action of NO bu

• br cAMP cGMP effector systems in human platelets PKA

  2022-05-04

  

  cAMP/cGMP effector systems in human platelets (PKA, PKG, PDEs) In eukaryotic cells, the effects of intracellular cAMP are mediated by two types of cAMP-dependent protein kinases (PKA type I and II) and cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (EPAC/cAMP-GEF) which activate the RAS GTPas

• Among the GSK inhibitors available in market

  2022-05-04

  

  Among the GSK-3 inhibitors available in market, lithium is probably the only example and the oldest one. Some molecules, both natural and synthetic, such as maleimide derivatives, staurosporine (from the bacterium Streptomyces storosporeus), indole derivatives such as indirubin (used since long in t

• The ability of FFA to elevate intracellular levels of

  2022-05-04

  

  The ability of FFA4 to elevate intracellular levels of Ca2+5, 38, 39, 40 provided early predictions of a key role of the phosphoinositidase C-linked G proteins Gq and/or G11 in transduction of signals from this receptor, while later studies that examined production of inositol phosphates [41] provid

• br Conclusion br Author statement br Acknowledgments

  2022-05-04

  

  Conclusion Author statement Acknowledgments Introduction The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is an important neurohormone network for vertebrates that regulates their gonadal development and maturation, guarantees their pubertal development and maintains their normal reproducti

• br Conclusion br Introduction The intracellularly

  2022-05-04

  

  Conclusion Introduction The intracellularly generated metabolite methylglyoxal (MG, 2-oxopropanal) acts as a potent electrophile causing irreparable cellular damage if allowed to build to cytotoxic concentrations [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. The glyoxalase (Glx) system is an enzyme couple cri

• dihydrofolate reductase br Materials and methods br Results

  2022-05-04

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Since 1990s, solving structures for most DNA glycosylases by X-ray crystallography significantly advanced mechanistic understanding of the catalytic activity and substrate specificity of this important class of DNA repair enzymes. However, static str

• Elimination of the Q R bridge significantly

  2022-05-04

  

  Elimination of the Q234–R244 bridge significantly affected the protein citric acid synthesis but had little effect on its activity at a permissive temperature, which may seem contrary to the known functional importance of this motif in Fpg. However, since the mutants fully or partially retained the

• Several studies have indicated MUC to be an effective

  2022-05-04

  

  Several studies have indicated MUC1 to be an effective marker for identifying various malignant tumors, such as gastric, breast, pancreatic, ovarian, gallbladder, uterus, lung, and prostate cancers, as well as for prognostic outcomes [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]. Studies by Kaira e

• In conclusion enhanced glucagon action of the

  2022-05-04

  

  In conclusion, enhanced glucagon action of the beta cell results in improved beta cell function after glucose stimulation, but simultaneously dissociated responses to both glucose-dependent and non-glucose secretagogues evolve. This shows that the glucagon receptor is complexly involved in beta cell

• Since the isoflavone emerged as privileged scaffold in Hh in

  2022-05-04

  

  Since the isoflavone emerged as privileged scaffold in Hh inhibition, based on molecular modeling predictions and prior studies [17,22], here we designed a number of isoflavones able to interact preferentially with the Smo receptor or the Gli protein. Molecules were synthesized by means of a novel s

• Medulloblastoma predominantly occurs in infants and children

  2022-05-04

  

  Medulloblastoma predominantly occurs in infants and children, and is the most-common type of paediatric malignant α-Amanitin synthesis tumour, accounting for about 20% of all childhood brain tumors [63]. According to cancer genomics, medulloblastoma consists of at least 4 distinct subgroups: Hh dri

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